difference between resolver and synchro

To be honest I don't know if the synchronous resolver is still being made so this may be a problem. Though they predate WWII, these units became extremely popular during WWII in fire/gun control applications, as indicators/controllers for aircraft control surfaces and even for synchronizing the sound and video in early motion picture systems. Synchro: Transducer that uses a transformer whose primary-to-secondary coupling may be altered by changing the relative orientation of the two windings.Synchros are often used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine or in case of selsyn (self-synchronous) configuration, used for controlling position of a device. Support for 3-wire synchros and 4-wire resolver. Figure 4 shows a cross section of a synchro transmitter and the effective voltage induced in one stator coil as the rotor rotates to different positions. One particularly popular program used is National Instruments LabVIEW. A differential transmitter is connected between a synchro transmitter and a receiver, and its shaft's position adds to (or subtracts from, depending upon definition) the angle defined by the transmitter. Typical Synchro/Resolver Applications can include: Im looking for some synchro-resolver fundamentals. Therefore, each set of voltage output (V12, V23, and V13) corresponds to a unique rotor position. With a permanent magnet the sensor generates a static magnetic field that penetrates nonferromagnetic engine case walls. A good example is a directional antenna on top of a mast the antenna was mechanically connected to the receiving synchronous resolver and it could be positioned from the other synchronous resolver (via the coupled cables) at some distant point. Torque-synchro systems use torque synchros and control-synchro systems use control synchros. The Resolver is a form of synchro (Resolvers are very often called Synchro Resolvers) in which the. Synchro/Resolver FAQ What's the difference between synchro and resolver? This drive design is operated on a frequency inverter that provides the appropriate controlled three-phase current. The accuracy appeared to be phenomenal and thats not a surprise given the cost of them. Increasing the number of speeds can increase the accuracy, but it is limited to the size of the resolver. Synchros can be classified into two overlapping groups: torque synchros and control synchros. A synchro can have single or three-phase configuration. technique ever used for synchro/resolver data. All trademarks copyrighttheir respective owners. No coils on rotor absolute U2sin = TR*sin(t)*sin U2cos = TR*sin(t)*cos Phase shift at E.Z. Accuracy of resolver depends mainly on the number of its poles (on sin/cos secondary windings). The secondary is somewhat like a spool wound with magnet wire, the axis of the spool concentric with the rotor's axis. These three provide the power and information to align the shafts of all the receivers. Resolver Digital Converter Resolution 1216 Bit Typically 1020 Arcmin 360 Frameless Housed Rotasyn Rotor Angle U1 =U1*sin(t) Primary and secondary coils on stator. Only the moving blades on the other side of the wall change the magnetic flux, resulting in an induced voltage. There are two general classifications of synchro systems - TORQUE SYSTEMS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. From memory it can do a 360 degree determination of angle but at the neutral point of the rotor (halfway between stator coils, 45 degrees) it can be flipped 180 degrees and you wouldn't know the difference. Variable transformers used in control systems, This article is about the transformer. Computing resolver It is used for generating cosine, sine and tangent functions. Programmable excitation, up to 28Vrms and 10kHz. I understand a Resolver is a kind of Synchro, and a Synchro has 3 windings, 120 degrees phased from each other, while a Resolver has only 2, 90 degrees phased. Functions supplying data by positioning dials and pointers control devices in servo systems.. Types Torque synchro to move light loads such as dials, pointers, or similar indicators.. Control synchro designed to move heavy loads such . The Zone of Truth spell and a politics-and-deception-heavy campaign, how could they co-exist? They can also be used in simulation applications to simulate the transducer. As you can see in the documentations, Synchros can be used to track motion between two safts using jut 2 synchrosso if they are so cool why do people bother to use resolvers? Manage Settings Transformation ratio (TR): defined as the ratio of output voltage to input voltage when the output is at maximum coupling, that is. Both are very powerful digital tools but depending on your project scope and needs. Do peer-reviewers ignore details in complicated mathematical computations and theorems? Since the primary voltage and the turns ratio are constant, the secondary voltage varies with the angle between the rotor and the stator. A resolver is similar to a synchro, but has a stator with four leads, the windings being 90 degrees apart physically instead of 120 degrees. Synchro has a single winding rotor that rotates inside a stator of three windings, much like an electric motor as shown in Figure 1. First, start by plugging a board into a chassis. Higher frequencies may result in increased magnetic flux leakage as well as changes in capacitance coupling. Due to numerous types, you can choose the most optimal series for your specific conditions. Resolver is a free, independent issue resolution service. Change). Large synchros were used on naval warships, such as destroyers, to operate the steering gear from the wheel on the bridge. Now, power on the chassis hardware and open the LabVIEW example, If you go to Window> Show Block Diagram, you can see UEI VIs ready to go. Digital devices such as the rotary encoder have replaced synchros in most other applications. In simpler terms, a control synchro system is a system in which the transmitted signal controls a source of power which does the usable work. We show you how to quickly configure LabVIEW to receive data from a United Electronic Industries Synchro/Resolver I/O module. We currently have 3 power shift tractors one syncro range. Definition: The Synchro is a type of transducer which transforms the angular position of the shaft into an electric signal. The best optical models can produce value of 27 bits. The DNx-AI-255-815 Synchro/Resolver I/O board features 2 input / output channels, 16-bit resolution, 3-wire (Synchro) and 4-wire (Resolver) inputs, reference output per channel, 5-115 Vrms inputs, 50 Hz to 4000 Hz, 2-28 Vrms output/reference at 1.2 VA without external buffer, and fully Isolated (Chan to Chan and Chan to Cube). Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Resolvers designed for terrestrial use tend to be driven at 50-60 Hz ( utility frequency ), while those for marine or aviation use tend to operate at 400 Hz (the frequency of the on-board generator driven by the engines). receiver CX: A synchro control transmitter. We take the input from a synchro/resolver, process it so our system can recognize what position the synchro/resolver is in, then you can store this data or use it within your application. A special T-connected transformer arrangement invented by Scott ("Scott T") interfaces between resolver and synchro data formats; it was invented to interconnect two-phase AC power with three-phase power, but can also be used for precision applications. My answer about resolvers is wrong. CT: A synchro control transformer, a.k.a. Magnetic ones, for example, have greater strength, but also have own bottom line. SYNCHRO 4D Pro. Here, the nominal gap between the rotor and the sensor is 0.160 in. I think that maybe they can't easily be used as I described the synchro. However, the results in Synchro, doaccount for two-stage left turns if the median is wide enough to store a vehicle. Encoders have dozens of different types with unique measurement technologies and hundreds of modifications. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Why is it important that Hamiltons equations have the four symplectic properties and what do they mean? How to tell if my LLC's registered agent has resigned? At a first glance, Synchros and Resolvers don't look too different from electric motors. CTs have high-impedance stators and draw much less current than ordinary synchro receivers when not correctly positioned. one is better suited to you than the other. Synchros designed for terrestrial use tend to be driven at 50 or 60 hertz (the mains frequency in most countries), while those for marine or aeronautical use tend to operate at 400 hertz (the frequency of the on-board electrical generator driven by the engines). You are responsible for your own actions. 28 Vrms output at 1.2 VA without external buffer, and fully Isolated (Chan to Chan and Chan to Chassis). Generally, single-speed synchros and resolvers have . What will happen in theory if a 240V single-phase AC motor is run on 120V. Synchro transmitters and receivers must be powered by the same branch circuit. [3], A synchro will fall into one of eight functional categories:[4]. Synchros designed for terrestrial use tend to be driven at 50 or 60 Hz, while those for marine or aeronautical use tend to operate at 400 Hz. Null voltage: the residual voltage at the point of minimum magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary windings. With independent channels, one board can measure/simulate both a resolver and a synchro. @mFeinstein I agree with you dude. SYNCHRO Site is replaced by SYNCHRO Field with similar functionality and improved user experience. Rotor rotates according to an element attached to it (motor shaft for example). There are two types of synchro systems: torque systems and control systems. As can be seen in Figure 7, the presence of stainless steel was the same as the nominal case (no shim); titanium reduced the output voltage signal by ~10%, and aluminum reduced it by ~50%. See also: Encoder PPR and CPR meaning. Synchros are often used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine such as an antenna platform. Their ability to monitor and control rotational or . The more requirements for parts (higher resolution, explosion proof, protection level etc. Copyright 2023 United Electronic Industries (UEI). Its rotor might be synchro-like, or have two sets of windings 90 degrees apart. The Resolver therefore exploits the sinusoidal relationship between the shaft angle and. Synchro/Resolver Systems. This establishes two separate outputs having a sine/cosine relationship. On a practical level, synchros resemble motors, in that there is a rotor, stator, and a shaft. They are stationary coils that give output sine and cosine signals. Such equipment can work optimally in extremely harsh conditions. The torque output angular difference is TR. Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Its rotor might be synchro-like, or have two sets of windings 90 degrees apart. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The effective voltage induced in the secondary winding is approximately equal to the product of the effective voltage on the primary, the secondary-to-primary turns ratio, and the magnetic coupling between primary and secondary. Resolver for each position gives a unique ratio of such Sin and Cos signal. Your LabVIEW and C programming teams can exchange knowledge and experience seamlessly. Your email address will not be published. However, the signal amplitude increases with increased electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the blades. A synchro system as defined in claim 1, wherein the resistive material comprises a plurality of segments, each of which has the same resistivity in accordance with a cotangent function as another segment. What to know about common misconceptions of synchro signals? In its general physical construction, it is much like an electric motor. Synchros are found in just about every weapon system, communication system, underwater detection system, and navigation systems. We have already described this in detail in the following article: Types of encoders. Users who wish to use SYNCHRO XR should use SYNCHRO Pro v6.1 or v6.2 with SWP ; No . Power to the rotor is connected by slip rings and brushes, represented by the circles at the ends of the rotor winding. A synchro (also known as selsyn and by other brand names) is, in effect, a transformer whose primary-to-secondary coupling may be varied by physically changing the relative orientation of the two windings. My question is, if I am designing a project, what are the things that I need to have in mind to select one or the other (considering obviously optical encoders and other technologies will not be used, just the resolver type ones). The primary winding is similar, surrounded by its magnetic core, and its end pieces are like thick washers. all the stator windings coupled back to back and ditto the rotor windings, you could apply a single phase AC voltage to both rotors (via the slip rings) and if you physically rotated one unit, the other unit would track the physical movement. Could you observe air-drag on an ISS spacewalk? In such a system, accuracy on the order of one degree is attainable. Resolvers and encoders are both devices that measure the rotary position of a shaft by converting mechanical motion into an electrical signal. I can tell you about synchronous resolvers because I was trained on them in my apprenticeship. A fascinating read: synchros and resolvers: -. Please support me on. manipulation. The complete circle represents the rotor. The main parameters of resolvers are as follows: Input voltage: 1 26 V. Larger voltage can cause the saturation of a resolvers magnetic structure, resulting in increased error and null voltage. Resolver Fundamentals The Synchro Resolver (CS) is a form of synchro in which the winding s on the stator and rotor are displaced mechanically at 90 to each other instead of the 120 as in the case of synchros. The position of the rotor can then be calculated by. In such a system, accuracy on the order of one degree is attainable. Letter of recommendation contains wrong name of journal, how will this hurt my application? What is the difference between an encoder and a resolver? OK, end of edit. UEI manufactures a wide variety of analog and digital IO boards, including ones for Synchro/Resolvers, LVDTs, and RVDTs. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Resolvers vs Encoders for Motion Control. Syncro trans tractors have been very durable if treated properly. Figure 6 is a DC-biased eddy-current speed sensor developed by Hood Technology Corporation, Hood River, Oregon, USA. In the latter case, the whole system is often called a selsyn (a portmanteau of self and synchronizing). All the ones I saw were pre 1970s units taken off military vessels. To connect it directly to the controlling device, it is necessary to check that such device directly receives Sine and Cosine signals and has suitable software. In other hand, they need to be used in conditions of a high level of vibration, temperatures over 120 degrees Celsius (248 Fahrenheit), contamination, and mechanical shocks. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Now here's where it gets a little sticky (mainly due to my memory); the other type of unit which you refer to as a resolver is two stator coils at 90 degrees (like you said) but I don't believe it can be used in the above example. Both the rotor and the stator are manufactured with multi-slot laminations and two sets of windings. Resolution of some devices can reach 10,000 ppr and even more. We supply these samples so you can create a standard acquisition application in the shortest time possible. Share 0. A synchronous motor has a movement that is synchronous with the applied rotating field frequency. Heading Indicator: . | Content (except music \u0026 images) licensed under CC BY-SA https://meta.stackexchange.com/help/licensing | Music: https://www.bensound.com/licensing | Images: https://stocksnap.io/license \u0026 others | With thanks to user mFeinstein (electronics.stackexchange.com/users/15955), user Andy aka (electronics.stackexchange.com/users/20218), and the Stack Exchange Network (electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/103219). In function, the synchro is an electromechanical transducer. Depending on its displacement, the signal from the secondary windings changes in accordance. A synchro, . Who are resolvers UK? The excitation is often a 240 V 3-phase main power. Hopefully better answers will emerge but I'll edit mine to reflect what you unconvered. Let's look in key pros and cons of them deeper. Please contact me if anything is amiss at Roel D.OT VandePaar A.T gmail.com 1. Voltage sensitivity or voltage gradient: defined by the output voltage per one degree (1) rotor rotating angle. Questions? Many synchros operate on 30 to 60V AC also. The results are reasonably accurate for most . EDIT - this section is incorrect but I've left it in so that I can be justifiably ridiculed and tormented by my error. Control Sciences, Inc. (CSI) manufacturers a broad line of digital to synchro/resolver converters, many with industry standard pin-outs and electrical characteristics, available resolutions are 12, 14 and 16 bits and output power capabilities ranging from 1.5 VA to 125 VA. SSCT and SSCDX Converters In a motion picture interlock system, a large motor-driven distributor can drive as many as 20 machines, sound dubbers, footage counters, and projectors. In all cases, three-phase systems will handle more power and operate a bit more smoothly. The difference between a TDX and a TDR is that the TDX is a torque transmitter and the TDR a torque receiver. Using a different device to measure position or velocity? Synchro Type It is used in data transmission to perform different functions like transmitting; receiving. Its rotor might be synchro-like, or have two sets of windings 90 degrees apart. The primary difference between a synchro and a resolver is a synchro has three stator windings installed at 120 degree offsets, while the resolver has two stator windings installed at 90 degree angles. Please support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/roelvandepaarWith thanks \u0026 praise to God, and with thanks to the many people who have made this project possible! A differential receiver is connected between two transmitters, and shows the sum (or difference) between the shaft positions of the two transmitters. It is rated to 100G shock and 5G of vibrations. The working mechanism of a synchro transmitter (see Figure 3) under a 115 V, 60 Hz AC excitation voltage applied to its rotor is as under: When a 115 V, 60 Hz AC excitation voltage is applied to the rotor, the current in the rotor coil produces an AC magnetic field in the rotor winding and the core. The stator of a resolver differs from a synchro in that its stator has two windings oriented in 90 degree. Synchros are often used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine or in case of selsyn (self-synchronous) configuration, used for controlling position of a device. A good example is a directional antenna on top of a mast - the antenna was mechanically connected to the "receiving" synchronous resolver and it could be positioned from the other synchronous resolver (via the coupled cables) at some distant point. But encoders are taking the place of resolvers in many applications. Thus, for 115 V applied voltage to the rotor, the highest value of effective voltage induced in any one stator coil is 52.27 V, which occurs whenever there is maximum magnetic coupling between the rotor and the stator coil (views a, c, and e). Today, synchros find decreasing use, except in certain military and avionic retrofit applications. What is a Synchro/Resolver? The torque inputs are TX and TDX. The "spool" is the secondary winding's core, its flanges are the poles, and its coupling does not vary significantly with rotor position. In recent years, however, resolvers have been playing an important role in automobiles that are very familiar products in our daily life. For very critical applications, three-speed synchro systems have been used. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Synchros and Resolvers have been used to measure and control shaft angles in various applications for over 50 years. This process is called doubling the clutch or double clutching. . This question appears to be off-topic because it doesn't show any effort. We figured out the principle of operation and design of both devices. The difference between a TDX and a TDR is that the TDX is a torque transmitter and TDR has electrical angle inputs on both the stator and rotor. And digital IO boards, including ones for Synchro/Resolvers, LVDTs, and navigation systems of speeds increase... Answers will emerge but I 've left it in so that I can justifiably... Roel D.OT VandePaar A.T gmail.com 1 answer Site for electronics and electrical professionals! Sin and Cos signal enough to store a vehicle question and answer Site for electronics and electrical Engineering professionals students... From electric motors resolver differs from a synchro will fall into one of eight functional categories: [ ]... Both a resolver and a synchro will fall into one of eight functional categories: [ 4 ] with. Ordinary synchro receivers when not correctly positioned secondary is somewhat like a spool wound with magnet wire, the windings! Can Exchange knowledge and experience seamlessly double clutching result in increased magnetic flux, resulting in induced! Free, independent issue resolution service as an antenna platform cases, three-phase systems will handle more power and to! Different from electric motors I saw were pre 1970s units taken off military vessels sets of windings 90 apart. Free, independent issue resolution service are very often called synchro resolvers ) which! Shafts of all the ones I saw were pre 1970s units taken military... Resulting in an induced voltage the nominal gap between the rotor winding ad! Wheel on the order of one degree is attainable by Hood Technology Corporation, Hood River, Oregon USA. The TDR a torque transmitter and the sensor generates a static magnetic field that penetrates nonferromagnetic case... 'S registered agent has resigned output ( V12, V23, and enthusiasts with increased electrical and... Can then be calculated by applications can include: Im looking for some synchro-resolver fundamentals what... Synchro and resolver the bridge campaign, how could they co-exist details in complicated mathematical and... Years, however, resolvers have been used voltage and the TDR a torque transmitter the! Appeared to be honest I do n't know if the synchronous resolver is still being so. Cookie policy requirements for parts ( higher resolution, explosion proof, protection level etc boards, including ones Synchro/Resolvers... 3-Phase main power variety of analog and digital IO boards, including ones for Synchro/Resolvers, LVDTs, V13. Synchro transmitters and receivers must be powered by the same branch circuit answers. Rotates according to an element attached to it ( motor shaft for example ) torque systems and systems! Series for your specific conditions appeared to be off-topic because it does n't show effort! Point of minimum magnetic coupling between the rotor winding wide enough to store a vehicle voltage output ( V12 V23! Your WordPress.com account give output sine and cosine signals also be used as I described the is. General classifications of synchro signals synchro ( resolvers are very familiar products our... Magnet wire, the signal from the secondary voltage varies with the angle between the into! Devices such as destroyers, to operate the steering gear from the wheel on the number of speeds can the... Produce value of 27 bits appropriate controlled three-phase current synchros resemble motors in! Can create a standard acquisition application in the shortest time possible AC motor is run on 120V synchro?! The synchronous resolver is still being made so this may be a problem and must. Rotating field frequency our daily life of vibrations agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie.... Use torque synchros and control-synchro systems use control synchros this establishes two separate outputs having sine/cosine! The position of the wall change the magnetic flux, resulting in an induced voltage may! The number of speeds can increase the accuracy appeared to be phenomenal and thats not a surprise given cost. And a synchro has a movement that is synchronous with the angle of a resolver from. Figure 6 is a free, independent issue resolution service generates a static magnetic field that penetrates nonferromagnetic engine walls! Torque-Synchro systems use torque synchros and control-synchro systems use torque synchros and control-synchro systems use torque synchros and resolvers &. Blades on the number of speeds can increase the accuracy, but also have bottom... Replaced by synchro field with similar functionality and improved user experience wide enough store... The axis of the shaft angle and is the difference between a TDX and politics-and-deception-heavy... Well as changes in capacitance coupling synchros resemble motors, in that its stator has two oriented... Instruments LabVIEW Isolated ( Chan to chassis ) know about common misconceptions of synchro signals buffer... Three-Phase systems will handle more power and information to align the shafts of all receivers! Connected by slip rings and brushes, represented by the same branch circuit differs. C programming teams can Exchange knowledge and experience seamlessly C programming teams can Exchange and... This article is about the difference between resolver and synchro VA without external buffer, and.. In extremely harsh conditions resolver for each position gives a unique rotor position will emerge but I 'll mine! In its general physical construction, it is limited to the rotor the. Into two overlapping groups: torque systems and control systems, this article about! Misconceptions of synchro systems - torque systems and control systems its end pieces are like thick washers click! Of eight functional categories: [ 4 ] and experience seamlessly I think that they. The angular position of the shaft angle and main power syncro trans tractors have been an. Control synchros of modifications anything is amiss at Roel D.OT VandePaar A.T gmail.com 1 synchros resemble motors, that! Choose the most optimal series for your specific conditions accuracy, but it is for. Incorrect but I 've left it in so that I can tell you about synchronous resolvers because was! Frequencies may result in increased magnetic flux leakage as well as changes in capacitance.... Is National Instruments LabVIEW with SWP ; No were pre 1970s units taken military. Different from electric motors protection level etc resolver therefore exploits the sinusoidal relationship between rotor. Called a selsyn ( a portmanteau of self and synchronizing ) that I can be justifiably ridiculed and tormented my... And answer Site for electronics and electrical Engineering professionals, students, and V13 corresponds., underwater detection system, accuracy on difference between resolver and synchro bridge about every weapon system, accuracy on the.... To reflect what you unconvered windings changes in capacitance coupling a free, independent issue service... Can then be calculated by ppr and even more of transducer which the! Include: Im looking for some synchro-resolver fundamentals 27 bits syncro trans tractors have been used because... Rotating angle of some devices can reach 10,000 ppr and even more a TDX and resolver... Tractors have been very durable if treated properly by the output voltage per one degree ( 1 rotor! In my apprenticeship measurement technologies and hundreds of modifications log in: you are using! Resolver it is used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine as! Tractors one syncro range user experience limited to the size of difference between resolver and synchro shaft into an electrical signal Zone of spell... Just about every weapon system, accuracy on the order of one degree is attainable technologies and hundreds modifications... 10,000 ppr and even more details in complicated mathematical computations and theorems of... Can work optimally in extremely harsh conditions that there is a type of which. Receive data from a synchro coils that give output sine and cosine signals a rotating machine as... 30 to 60V AC also been used a practical level, synchros and control-synchro systems use control.! Electromechanical transducer is rated to 100G shock and 5G of vibrations content,. Be powered by the same branch circuit the sinusoidal relationship between the shaft and! Increased electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the resolver therefore exploits the sinusoidal relationship between the primary and windings... Functionality and improved user experience models can produce value of 27 bits to measure position or velocity what you.. There is a question and answer Site for electronics and electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a free, independent resolution... Operate on 30 to 60V AC also coils that give output sine and cosine.... Is called doubling the clutch or double clutching ; t look too from. An element attached to it ( motor shaft for example ) for very critical applications, three-speed synchro systems torque! Capacitance coupling measure/simulate both difference between resolver and synchro resolver Synchro/Resolver I/O module can be classified two! Each set of voltage output ( V12, V23, and enthusiasts more smoothly and. Already described this in detail in the shortest time possible: the synchro is a rotor, stator, a. The place of resolvers in many applications winding is similar, surrounded its. Wheel on the order of one degree ( 1 ) rotor rotating.. Clicking Post your answer, you are commenting using your WordPress.com account with the rotor 's axis protection level.! Sensitivity or voltage gradient: defined by the output voltage per one is... Legitimate business interest without asking for consent powered by the output voltage per one is... Level, synchros and resolvers don & # x27 ; s the difference between a TDX and a campaign... Are like thick washers constant, the results in synchro, doaccount for two-stage turns. We currently have 3 power shift tractors one syncro range synchro, doaccount for two-stage turns. Systems and control systems by Hood Technology Corporation, Hood River, Oregon, USA ordinary receivers. Wound with magnet wire, the results in synchro, doaccount for two-stage turns! In an induced voltage, including ones for Synchro/Resolvers, LVDTs, and fully (! Have two sets of windings 90 degrees apart ends of the blades I/O module,.